EU agrees on asylum reform

Migration - EU agrees on asylum reform

After years of negotiations, the EU can now tackle a major asylum reform. An agreement reached in Brussels on Wednesday provides for numerous tightening of the existing rules. "This will limit irregular migration and relieve the burden on countries that are particularly affected - including Germany," said Federal Chancellor Olaf Scholz (SPD). Human rights organizations, on the other hand, voiced harsh criticism.

Specifically, the agreement between EU states and the European Parliament provides for uniform procedures at Europe's external borders, for example. In particular, there are plans to deal much more harshly with people from countries that are considered relatively safe. Until a decision is made on the asylum application, people could be held in detention-like conditions in reception camps for up to twelve weeks. In future, people who come from a country with a recognition rate of less than 20 percent and people who are considered a threat to public safety will have to undergo such a border procedure.

Work on the reform has been ongoing since the 2015/2016 refugee crisis. At that time, countries such as Greece were overwhelmed by the immense number of people from countries such as Syria and hundreds of thousands were able to move on to other EU countries unregistered.

Money against refugees

According to the plans, the distribution of those seeking protection among the EU states will be newly regulated with a "solidarity mechanism": If countries do not want to take in refugees, they must provide support, for example in the form of monetary payments. This has long been a bone of contention, particularly in the negotiations between the EU member states, as countries such as Hungary rejected a solidarity obligation. However, the EU states were able to agree on a common position in June, even without Hungary's consent.

One reason for criticism of the plans is that unaccompanied refugee minors and families with children could also end up in the strictly controlled reception camps. The German government and the European Parliament had tried to prevent this, but failed in the final negotiations due to resistance from countries such as Italy.

The Green Youth therefore demanded on Wednesday: "The German approval of this reform, which means a massive disenfranchisement of refugees, must be withdrawn immediately." However, Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock indirectly ruled this out. The leading Green politician described the agreement on the reform as "urgently necessary and long overdue". The European Parliament and the EU member states still have to give their final approval to the deal. This is normally considered a formality.

Concerns about human rights at the external borders

In addition to the protection of children and young people, the planned crisis regulation also attracted criticism on Wednesday. In future, it should be possible to deviate from standard asylum procedures in the event of a particularly large increase in migration. For example, the period during which people can be held in detention-like conditions can be extended. In addition, the number of people eligible for the planned strict border procedures could be increased. Due to the German government's concerns regarding human rights standards, no progress was made on this part of the reform for a long time.

"It is obvious that the negotiations were primarily about closing the external borders even more tightly and not about protecting people better," criticized the organization Save the Children.

The fact that rejected asylum seekers can be deported to safe third countries more easily in future also caused criticism. This is because the agreement means that more third countries can now be classified as safe, and this also applies to mere parts of countries. This can also be based on national assessments. Pro Asyl criticized that "new deals with autocratic governments that violate human rights" are to be expected as a result of the expansion.

Traffic light agrees on easier deportations

On Wednesday, the "Ampel" parliamentary groups also reached a compromise on two draft laws for faster naturalization and easier deportations. The two proposals were not put on the Bundestag's agenda for final discussion and voting in the last session week before Christmas as originally planned because the Greens in particular wanted improvements, which were rejected by the FDP.

According to the federal government's draft bill, immigrants will be able to become citizens after five years of residence in Germany, provided they can support themselves without state assistance. Until now, they have had to live in the country for at least eight years. If they perform well at school or at work, have good language skills or are involved in voluntary work, naturalization should be possible after just three years. If you want a German passport, you should no longer have to give up your old one. This already applies to EU citizens and some special cases, but not to people from Turkey, for example.

By simplifying procedures, Ampel also wants to ensure that deportations no longer fail so often at the last minute, for example because the person concerned cannot be found. To this end, the maximum duration of detention pending deportation is to be extended from 10 to 28 days.