Climate - Methane pact with over 150 countries: USA tightens rules
In the fight against global warming, the USA wants to drive forward the reduction of emissions of climate-damaging methane. At the UN Climate Change Conference in Dubai at the weekend, the US government announced new standards that will oblige oil and gas producers to close methane leaks. Germany and the EU are already one step ahead.
Methane escapes during the extraction of coal, oil and natural gas, among other things, but is also produced in the stomachs of cows and sheep and in landfill sites. The concentration of methane is rising faster than that of the most important greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide.
According to the World Weather Organization, it is currently more than 2.5 times higher than before the industrial revolution. At the same time, methane can often be reduced more cost-effectively than carbon dioxide.
Over 150 countries join the pact
At the climate conference two years ago, the EU and the USA initiated an international agreement on this, the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), which more than 150 countries have now joined - they emit just over half of the methane produced by humans. However, China, India and Russia are missing. A meeting of the Methane Pledge is due to take place in Dubai at the beginning of the week and new initiatives are expected.
The member countries of the Methane Pact want to reduce their emissions by at least 30 percent between 2020 and 2030. If nothing is done, they will increase by up to 13 percent globally, according to the initiative. The agreement has the potential to reduce global warming by at least 0.2 degrees by 2050.
However, according to Bill Hare, head of the Climate Analytics organization, it is not enough to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees. This would require a global reduction of 34 percent by 2030.
German government warns against methane
The German government also warned against the particularly aggressive greenhouse gas methane in Dubai on Sunday. If emissions could be reduced quickly worldwide, there would be rapid progress in the fight against global warming, said Stefan Wenzel, Parliamentary State Secretary in the Federal Climate Ministry. Satellites can now be used to precisely locate leaks in oil drilling rigs or gas fields, for example.
The head of the Federal Environment Agency, Dirk Messner, said in Dubai that gas is almost 30 times more aggressive than carbon dioxide, which has received the most attention for decades. He called for binding global rules in the fight against methane, especially in oil and gas countries. This must be combined with monitoring and verification.
China recently presented its own 14-page methane reduction plan. It contains no concrete figures or data on the overall reduction and many individual, mostly unspecific targets. For example, the methane escaping from coal mines is to be used to a greater extent.
Develop a national methane plan
The EU Parliament and countries also agreed in mid-November to tighten the rules for the oil, gas and coal industries - with clear timetables. Here too, operators of oil and gas plants are to regularly search for and repair major methane leaks. Methane flaring will be banned in many places.
"Overall, the Global Methane Pledge has managed to draw attention to the issue," says Thea Uhlich, climate spokesperson for the organization Germanwatch. In fact, in a joint letter, the USA and the EU refer to many new international initiatives and funding, including from private foundations. 50 countries are in the process of developing a national methane plan.
"Ultimately, of course, what counts is whether the GMP leads to actual methane reductions that would not have occurred without it," says Uhlich. There is still a lack of data to evaluate its success.
According to the European Environment Agency, the EU has already reduced its methane emissions by 36 percent between 1990 and 2020. This was mainly achieved in the energy and waste sectors. According to the Federal Environment Agency (Uba), Germany even reduced its methane emissions by 66 percent between 1990 and 2022.
One factor is the end of hard coal mining, but not only: mine gas is extracted and used, and less gas is also escaping from landfills. According to Uba, the expansion of the circular economy, for example with waste separation and the use of biogas, is crucial here.
Read also:
Source: www.stern.de
