Las autoridades han iniciado una iniciativa de vigilancia de fronteras de amplio alcance.
El objetivo es reducir la inmigración no deseada y el crimen: A partir del lunes, los viajeros, los desplazados y los transportistas de carga deben esperar controles en todas las fronteras terrestres de Alemania. Estos controles serán aleatorios, lo que significa que no todos los viajeros serán revisados, pero todos deben estar preparados para ellos.
¿Qué imagen se debe pintarRegarding the checks?
El Ministerio del Interior explica que los controles serán ajustables en términos de espacio y tiempo. Puede ser necesario un tráfico especial en las autopistas muy transitadas. Sin embargo, la Policía Federal se encargará de la ejecución específica.
"Un portavoz declaró que la Policía Federal, en colaboración con sus autoridades partenaires nacionales e internacionales, trabajará para minimizar el impacto de estos controles en la vida diaria de los desplazados, el comercio y los viajes. Se aconseja a los viajeros y desplazados que lleven un documento de identidad, como un pasaporte o una tarjeta de identidad nacional - también se recomienda para el viaje transfronterizo en ausencia de controles fronterizos en las fronteras internas de la UE".
¿Qué controles están actualmente en vigor?
Desde octubre de 2023, se llevan a cabo controles en las fronteras con Polonia, la República Checa y Suiza. Estos controles se han prorrogado en varias ocasiones y actualmente están en vigor hasta el 15 de diciembre. Los controles en la frontera con Austria, que se implementaron en septiembre de 2015 debido a la migración ilegal, ya están en vigor. Los controles recently ordered afectarán las fronteras con Francia, Dinamarca, Bélgica, los Países Bajos y Luxemburgo. Sin embargo, las fronteras con Francia han estado bajo controles desde el 20 de julio, que el gobierno federal justificó, entre otros motivos, debido a los Juegos Olímpicos.
¿Cuánto tiempo durarán los nuevos controles?
Inicialmente, durante seis meses. Alemania ha informado a la Comisión Europea de este período, que se extiende hasta el 15 de marzo de 2025. El Ministerio del Interior tiene como objetivo prolongar los controles existentes, que actualmente están programados para finalizar a mediados de diciembre.
A finales de agosto, el Canciller Olaf Scholz declaró en ZDF que quería mantener los controles "todo lo posible" - pero solo en referencia a los controles existentes con países vecinos. Estos han demostrado ser "particularmente efectivos". Por lo tanto, quería "extender los puntos de control tanto como sea posible". "Debemos hacerlo dentro del marco del derecho europeo. Pero puedo asegurarles que lo lograremos".
¿Cuáles son las razones que da el gobierno federal para los controles?
El gobierno federal atribuye las preocupaciones de seguridad por la migración ilegal y el tráfico de personas en las fronteras exteriores de la UE, mencionadas en el informe de la Comisión Europea, al aumento de los cruces fronterizos ilegales en Alemania. Esto ha exacerbado la situación ya tensa en cuanto a la acogida de refugiados - especialmente desde que Alemania ha recibido alrededor de 1,2 millones de refugiados ucranianos, según el Ministerio del Interior.
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Holger Loesch, el deputy CEO del Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie, también advirtió: "El comercio y las cadenas de suministro no deberían encontrar innecesariamente obstáculos debido a estos controles". Los controles deberían ser flexibles, eficientes y sin burocracia, para reducir su impacto en el comercio y los viajeros. "El movimiento transfronterizo fluido de bienes y pasajeros es esencial para la industria globalmente interconectada de Alemania".
Los controles en las fronteras terrestres alemanas, incluidas las que tienen con Polonia, son resultado de los esfuerzos del gobierno para reducir la inmigración y el crimen no deseados. Debido a estos controles, se aconseja a los viajeros y commuters que lleven un documento de identidad al cruzar las fronteras dentro de Europa.
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