The Federal Institute of Health assesses melatonin-containing products
For some time now, melatonin supplements have been available on the market. These products are intended to facilitate falling asleep and staying asleep. The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) has published an assessment of these products, which can be purchased in drugstores and online.
The BfR advises caution when taking melatonin supplements, especially for pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, children, adolescents, and people with certain pre-existing conditions. Taking them uncontrolled and over an extended period could have unwanted health effects, as shown by the evaluation of available scientific data.
Melatonin is a hormone produced by the body that helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. In recent years, the range of products available in drugstores and online has increased significantly. Some of these products, offered as sprays, capsules, drops, powders, or chewable tablets, exceed the recommended daily dose of melatonin compared to approved melatonin-containing medicines, according to the BfR.
Daytime sleepiness and prolonged reaction times
Melatonin is approved by the BfR for the temporary treatment of sleep disorders in people aged 55 and over, as well as in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders or the rare genetic disorder Smith-Magenis syndrome. Unlike medicines, dietary supplements are not subject to approval requirements.
Unwanted effects of melatonin intake can include pronounced daytime sleepiness, reduced attention, or prolonged reaction times, which could increase the risk of accidents. "Other possible unwanted effects associated with melatonin intake may include headaches, low blood pressure, reduced body temperature, nightmares, weakness, and unsteadiness."
Melatonin also affects blood sugar levels, raising the question of whether long-term use could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, the BfR also notes that the health risks, particularly of long-term use, have not been sufficiently investigated to date.
The BfR encourages implementing health and safety measures when using melatonin supplements, considering their potential risks for certain groups. Overuse and prolonged intake of these supplements can lead to various health issues, such as daytime sleepiness and delayed reaction times.
