Five myths about training in check
"Only" done an apprenticeship? Persistent prejudices against dual vocational training make it difficult to choose a career path. But what's the truth? Experts weigh in.
A mix of theory and practice, earning your own money right from the start: In theory, a dual apprenticeship seems like a great idea after school. But: Can you really make a career afterwards? And is it suitable for high school graduates? Let's debunk some common myths about apprenticeships.
1. Is an apprenticeship only suitable for weaker students?
Many high school graduates think: I have to go to university. That's what Irmgard Pirkl, spokesperson for the Federal Employment Agency, hears from her colleagues in career guidance. But educational paths are no longer as strictly predefined as they once were, and traditional educational trajectories are losing importance. "It's a myth that an apprenticeship isn't suitable for high school graduates," says Pirkl. Some apprenticeships are so demanding that companies expect at least intermediate school leaving certificates or a high school diploma.
An apprenticeship is therefore no longer just an option for students with a primary school leaving certificate. It's suitable for anyone who wants to start a practical career after school, or for students who aren't ready to commit to a university degree and need more time to explore their career options. Some just want to earn their own money. Even those who need structure in their daily life and struggled with self-organization in school can benefit from a dual vocational training.
Prof. Hubert Ertl, research director at the Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training (BIBB), advises young people who have both options to approach the decision between university and apprenticeship with calmness. "In the sense of: University can wait." Especially young people who are interested and talented in practical things should pursue these interests early on.
2. Can you only do an apprenticeship in traditional industries?
When people think of apprenticeships, they often think of traditional industries or classic professions: bricklayer, hairdresser, or bank clerk. Not so fast: "We currently have 327 apprenticeship occupations," says Hubert Ertl.
Behind these are different specializations. Many professions fall under the handcraft-technical sector. But the commercial-administrative professions are also a large sector. "Green professions" include apprenticeships related to agriculture, gardening, or food production. High-tech professions include IT and media apprenticeships. Not to mention medical-technical professions like medical assistants.
The problem: Young people often struggle to even decide on an apprenticeship and specify their career goals. Prof. Bernd Fitzenberger, economist and director of the Institute for Employment Research (IAB), says it's important to use orientation offers, try out different fields in internships, and understand that an apprenticeship doesn't lock you in for life.
3. Does an apprenticeship certificate limit your career prospects?
In fact, many apprenticeships offer excellent prospects for a successful career. Many companies value the practical skills and experience that apprentices bring to the table. Moreover, many apprenticeships offer opportunities for further training and development, both within the company and through external courses and seminars.
In addition, many apprenticeships offer good pay and benefits, including health insurance and pension plans. And let's not forget the practical experience: Apprentices often have a head start in the job market because they've already gained real-world experience.
So, the idea that an apprenticeship certificate limits your career prospects is a myth. In fact, many successful professionals started their careers with an apprenticeship.
A common assumption: Once trained, young people have fewer job opportunities than university graduates. This is incorrect. "Those who successfully complete a dual vocational training have excellent job prospects," says labor market expert Bernd Fitzenberger.
Looking at data up to 2023, a decreasing number of graduates face better job placement and employment prospects. The shortage of skilled and labor forces has led to a high number of open positions. "This also applies in comparison to graduates with a university degree."
However, the possibilities depend on the field of work. "There are fields where an academic education is simply necessary," says the economist. Other fields are traditionally occupied by graduates of dual vocational training.
4. Do you earn less later with a vocational training?
It's not that simple to say that those who have completed vocational training earn less later. Some dual vocational qualifications can hold their own in terms of earnings compared to university graduates, says Prof. Fitzenberger. On average, however, a university degree comes with significantly better earning prospects.
Several factors influence how much one can earn later. For example, the industry. Someone who has completed a technical vocational training in a large industrial enterprise may earn more than someone with a university degree working in the social sector. And: Those who continue their education after their vocational training can often expect to earn similar amounts to academics in similar fields.
5. Can't you develop further with a vocational training?
Someone who completes a vocational training as a mason doesn't have to be a mason forever. Vocational training is an open door, says BIBB research director Hubert Ertl. Afterwards, graduates of vocational training have many career opportunities.
The systems have become much more permeable, says Irmgard Pirkl. "I can continue my education, for example, to become a technician, master, or specialist - depending on the industry." In addition, the professional chambers offer many continuing education programs that can be built upon a vocational training.
Under certain conditions, those who have completed a vocational training can also directly enter a university degree if there is a relevant connection to their learned profession. The admission requirements can vary depending on the federal state. With a master's degree or similar, the field is often freely selectable.
6. Should you consider training courses instead of, or in addition to, an apprenticeship?
Training courses can be a valuable complement to an apprenticeship or a standalone option for those who have already completed their education. According to Prof. Hubert Ertl, training courses can offer specialized skills that aren't necessarily covered in an apprenticeship, helping individuals to stay competitive in the job market.
7. Can training courses be just as beneficial as apprenticeships?
Yes, under the right circumstances, training courses can provide individuals with the same level of practical experience and skill development as an apprenticeship. For example, many professional certifications offer hands-on training and real-world application, making them beneficial alternatives to traditional apprenticeship programs.
